Fig. S₁ and S₂ Connecting nodes in the floor structure

S₁ - Assembly on outer support
1. A 75 mm regular or ring-shank nail on both sides of the support
2. Beam resting at least 5 cm on the support
3. To avoid splitting the lower beam flange, nails should be driven at least 30 mm from the beam end. Nails can be driven at an angle so as not to split the tie beam.

S₂ - Outer stiffening beam
1. Stiffening beam
2. 75 mm nails should be driven every 15 cm or according to the design.

S₃ - I-beam connecting nodes in the floor structure
2. Edge beam
3. Nail driven at a slant to the upper beam flange
4. Beam resting at least 5 cm on the support
5. One nail for the upper and lower beam flange each
6. Nail positioning – every 15 cm in the lower flange

S₅ - Edge board – corner
2. BS-D I-beam
3. Edge board (SWISS KRONO OSB/3 – 25 mm)
4. Three nails in the corners
5. Nails driven at a slant, every 15 cm
6. Nails placed in the upper and lower flanges
7. Sheathing 12 mm thick
8. Façade

S₇ - Locking panels used to reinforce the structure
1. Edge board (SWISS KRONO OSB/3 – 25 mm) Only for 30 cm beams, unless reinforcement is used
2. Beam reinforcement should be used in corners of the building at 12 m walls, along a minimum length of 1.2 m

S₉- Transverse bracing for bearing walls
1. Bearing walls must be set on the bracing of the lower bearing wall.
2. At least 5 cm of support must be left for both joists at the beam connection site under the bearing wall. A locking beam is required to support the joists.
3. Nails should be driven every 15 cm or according to the design. 

S₁₁ - Double joist structure
1. A 5 mm dilatation between the filling and the bottom section of the upper beam flange must be provided.
2. Solid wood or SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board as a filling between beams along the entire span
3. During nail driving, the rear part of the web must be property supported in order not to damage web connection to the beam flange.
4. Joists must be butt-joined and fastened with 100 mm nails, in two rows, positioned alternately every 30 cm, on each side of the double joist

S₁₂ - Floor openings, slings mounted upwards
1. Double joists should be used. See detail S11
2. Rear sling reinforcement. Before fixing reinforcing elements made from SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board to the double joist, additional 75 mm nails should be driven into the web at the site where the SWISS KRONO OSB/3 reinforcement is to be placed; nail tips should be bent. Fix the SWISS KRONO OSB/3 reinforcement tightly to the upper flange with 10 nails (75 mm). If possible, bend the nail tips.
The SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board reinforcement must be long enough (at least 20 cm long) not to split during nail driving.

S₁₃ - Floor openings Front slings
1. Rear sling reinforcement. Before fixing reinforcing elements made from SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board to the double joist, additional three 75 mm nails should be driven into the web at the site where the SWISS KRONO OSB/3 reinforcement is to be placed. Nail tips should be bent. Fix the SWISS KRONO OSB/3 reinforcement tightly to the upper beam flange with 10 nails (100 mm). If possible, bend the nail tips.
2. Mount the double joist as shown in Fig. S11 (full filling).
3. Support stiffening elements at the slings may be required.
4. Reinforcement on both sides of the web. The SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board reinforcement must be long enough (at least 20 cm long) not to split during nail driving.

S₁₄ - Joist connection to the stringer
1. Double joist – see S11 (full web filling). Rear sling reinforcement – see detail S13.
2. Double-sided fitting. Use at least 12 nails (100 mm) for double joists. Use at least 4 nails for the stringer.
For stringers longer than 4 m, the number of nails should be specified by the designer.

S₁₉ - Wooden supports for concentrated load
1. Distance 2 mm
2. Supports made from solid wood (38 x 89 mm as a minimum)

Bracket and BS-D beam structure
W₁ - Bracket with no reinforcement
1. Bracket load according to the constructor’s recommendations
2. Locking beams should be mounted at both sides of the bracket along the length of 1.2 m on each side.
3. Beams projecting beyond the outer wall must be protected against biological corrosion.
4. Only uniformly distributed load
5. If the bracket is affected by the wall and roof loads, it should not project more than 60 cm. If the bracket is under no load, it may project for a maximum length of 1.2 m. All the options enumerated above must be calculated by the constructor.
6. Minimum of 60 cm

W₃ - Bracket reinforcement with double sheathing
1. Locking beam
2. Edge board
3. Web stiffening on both sides
4. Maximum of 60 cm
5. Bracket sheathing on both sides Bracket sheathing must be suited to the full height of the beam. 6.5 cm nails placed every 15 cm. Drive the nails alternately so as not to damage beam flanges

W₃ - Nail placement in the double sheathing
1. Drive 75 mm nails every 15 cm. Drive the nails alternately on opposite sides of beam flanges so as to prevent beam breaking.
2. Start nail driving at a minimum distance of 5 cm from the bracket end.
3. View from the top

SIMPSON ITTM sling Standard assembly in steel blocks

M₅- Floor blocked with I-beam
1. Locking beam
2. Web reinforcement (see the detail)
3. Impregnated solid wood beam
The size of the wooden element and anchors is defined by the constructor.

M₆ - Floor blocked with wooden I-beam
1. Floor lock and support for the sheathing edge with a 38 x 89 mm impregnated wooden beam. Fixed to the masonry wall with concrete connectors
2. 75 mm nails driven at a slant into the upper flange and the 38 x 89 mm beam
3. Web reinforcement (see the details)
4. Impregnated solid wood beam; the size of the wooden element and anchors is defined by the constructor.

M₇
1. Required web reinforcement (see the details)
2. Certified metal tape
3. Impregnated wooden beam; the size of the wooden element and anchors is defined by the constructor.
4. MIT-type metal slings mounted upwards.

M₈
1. Required web reinforcement (see the details)
2. Floor lock with impregnated wooden beam
3. Impregnated continuous wooden lock; the size of the wooden element and anchors is defined by the constructor.
4. U/HU- or IUT-type sling mounted from the front

M₉
1. Impregnated solid wood beam
2. Anchors driven into the wall
3. Floor connection to the parallel masonry wall

M₁₀
1. Locking beam
2. Web reinforcement
3. Ventilated air space
4. Stem wall

Assembly of floor beams to steel and wooden girders

F₂
1. Element made from solid wood with a thickness adjusted to the length of the sling nail, fixed to the steel structure using a dedicated connector (see affiliated companies)
2. Web reinforcement (see the details)
3. MIT-type metal slings mounted from the top
4. Steel structure
F₃
1. Web reinforcement (see the details)
2. Metal beam sling mounted from the top
3. Girder from solid or glued laminated wood

Web reinforcement is required only in cases listed below:

• When sling sides do not stiffen the upper flange of each beam laterally.
• If the acceptable force exerted on the end or intermediate support is increased, web reinforcements at the supports must have a 5 mm slot next to the upper beam flange, but must be tightly and completely supported on the lower beam flange.

NOTE!

Fix the fillings in such a way as to make alternate joints. To achieve the required filling thickness, SWISS KRONO OSB/3 boards can be placed together.

Filling should be fastened to the upper beam flange for slings mounted from the top and to the lower beam flange for slings mounted from the front.

SIMPSON metal sling www.simpsonstrongtie.pl

SIMPSON slings with mounting sleeve assembled from the top

SIMPSON slings with mounting sleeve assembled from the front

The connector can be bent and adjusted to the required roof slope (up to 45º) on the site.

**extra reinforcement against beam overturning must be used for the girder height of 406 mm.

VPA connectors can be used in combination with LSSU and LSTA elements for roof inclination ranging from 14º to 45º.

*extra reinforcement against beam overturning must be used for the girder height of 406 mm.

D₁ - beam connection in the roof ridge, self-adjusting to roof inclination
1. Slanted beam reinforcement on both sides
2. Roof ridge – glued laminated wood
3. Perforated steel tape

D₃ - rafter beam connection in the roof ridge

1. SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board 318 mm x 60 cm fixed with 12 nails or perforated metal tape on both sides
2. Both sides of the wooden beam cut at a slant as required
3. Glued laminated wood
4. Locking beam or steel cross connector

D₇ - Roof opening with the use of slings

1. Support-stiffening elements may be necessary.
2. Sling
3. Beam reinforcement

D₁₁ - overhang parallel to rafter beams
1. If L exceeds the spacing of rafter beams, an additional rafter should be used.
2. A 38 mm x 89 mm overhang beam cut at the upper flange of the rafter beam. Nail to the tie beam and the upper flange of the rafter beam at a slant. 
Roof solutions