Connecting nodes in the floor
Minimum support lengths:
- At least 50 mm at the outer support,
- At least 89 mm at the intermediate support
Sole plate, support:
- Unless other data are available, all details are suited for the roof inclination of up to 45º.
- For slanting surfaces supports are required for roof inclination exceeding 1.2°
- Changeable rafter connectors (LSSUs) are required if the roof slope exceeds 2.4º. For these fittings, bevelled web reinforcement elements are applied.
- For roof inclination in excess of 18º, an additional point of connection for the beam and the support may be required to take over load from the roof.
Lateral fixing against overturning:
- All roof beams must be fixed laterally at end supports and in brackets in order to eliminate the risk of beam overturning. BK-D beams and SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board (as field filling) material or crossed strips of hoop iron can be used in this case. Steel strips should be fixed at the ends by means of two appropriately selected nails.
Web reinforcement:
- For BK-D beams, web reinforcement elements are required if the upper beam flange is not fixed laterally by means of a SIMPSON fitting. They are also required for changeable fittings of the rafter base and all bevelled girders.
Fig. S1 and S2 Connecting nodes in the floor structure
S1 - Assembly on outer support
1. A 75 mm regular or ring-shank nail on both sides of the support
2. Beam resting at least 5 cm on the support
3. To avoid splitting the lower beam flange, nails should be driven at least 30 mm from the beam end. Nails can be driven at an angle so as not to split the tie beam.
S2 - Outer stiffening beam
1. Stiffening beam
2. 75 mm nails should be driven every 15 cm or according to the design.
S3 - I-beam connecting nodes in the floor structure
2. Edge beam
3. Nail driven at a slant to the upper beam flange
4. Beam resting at least 5 cm on the support
5. One nail for the upper and lower beam flange each
6. Nail positioning – every 15 cm in the lower flange
S5 - Edge board – corner
2. BS-D I-beam
3. Edge board (SWISS KRONO OSB/3 – 25 mm)
4. Three nails in the corners
5. Nails driven at a slant, every 15 cm
6. Nails placed in the upper and lower flanges
7. Sheathing 12 mm thick
8. Façade
S7 - Locking panels used to reinforce the structure
1. Edge board (SWISS KRONO OSB/3 – 25 mm) Only for 30 cm beams, unless reinforcement is used
2. Beam reinforcement should be used in corners of the building at 12 m walls, along a minimum length of 1.2 m
S9- Transverse bracing for bearing walls
1. Bearing walls must be set on the bracing of the lower bearing wall.
2. At least 5 cm of support must be left for both joists at the beam connection site under the bearing wall. A locking beam is required to support the joists.
3. Nails should be driven every 15 cm or according to the design.
S11 - Double joist structure
1. A 5 mm dilatation between the filling and the bottom section of the upper beam flange must be provided.
2. Solid wood or SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board as a filling between beams along the entire span
3. During nail driving, the rear part of the web must be property supported in order not to damage web connection to the beam flange.
4. Joists must be butt-joined and fastened with 100 mm nails, in two rows, positioned alternately every 30 cm, on each side of the double joist
S12 - Floor openings, slings mounted upwards
1. Double joists should be used. See detail S11
2. Rear sling reinforcement. Before fixing reinforcing elements made from SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board to the double joist, additional 75 mm nails should be driven into the web at the site where the SWISS KRONO OSB/3 reinforcement is to be placed; nail tips should be bent. Fix the SWISS KRONO OSB/3 reinforcement tightly to the upper flange with 10 nails (75 mm). If possible, bend the nail tips.
The SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board reinforcement must be long enough (at least 20 cm long) not to split during nail driving.
S13 - Floor openings Front slings
1. Rear sling reinforcement. Before fixing reinforcing elements made from SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board to the double joist, additional three 75 mm nails should be driven into the web at the site where the SWISS KRONO OSB/3 reinforcement is to be placed. Nail tips should be bent. Fix the SWISS KRONO OSB/3 reinforcement tightly to the upper beam flange with 10 nails (100 mm). If possible, bend the nail tips.
2. Mount the double joist as shown in Fig. S11 (full filling).
3. Support stiffening elements at the slings may be required.
4. Reinforcement on both sides of the web. The SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board reinforcement must be long enough (at least 20 cm long) not to split during nail driving.
S14 - Joist connection to the stringer
1. Double joist – see S11 (full web filling). Rear sling reinforcement – see detail S13.
2. Double-sided fitting. Use at least 12 nails (100 mm) for double joists. Use at least 4 nails for the stringer.
For stringers longer than 4 m, the number of nails should be specified by the designer.
S19 - Wooden supports for concentrated load
1. Distance 2 mm
2. Supports made from solid wood (38 x 89 mm as a minimum)
Bracket and BS-D beam structure
W1 - Bracket with no reinforcement
1. Bracket load according to the constructor’s recommendations
2. Locking beams should be mounted at both sides of the bracket along the length of 1.2 m on each side.
3. Beams projecting beyond the outer wall must be protected against biological corrosion.
4. Only uniformly distributed load
5. If the bracket is affected by the wall and roof loads, it should not project more than 60 cm. If the bracket is under no load, it may project for a maximum length of 1.2 m. All the options enumerated above must be calculated by the constructor.
6. Minimum of 60 cm
W3 - Bracket reinforcement with double sheathing
1. Locking beam
2. Edge board
3. Web stiffening on both sides
4. Maximum of 60 cm
5. Bracket sheathing on both sides Bracket sheathing must be suited to the full height of the beam. 6.5 cm nails placed every 15 cm. Drive the nails alternately so as not to damage beam flanges
W3 - Nail placement in the double sheathing
1. Drive 75 mm nails every 15 cm. Drive the nails alternately on opposite sides of beam flanges so as to prevent beam breaking.
2. Start nail driving at a minimum distance of 5 cm from the bracket end.
3. View from the top
SIMPSON ITTM sling Standard assembly in steel blocks
M5- Floor blocked with I-beam
1. Locking beam
2. Web reinforcement (see the detail)
3. Impregnated solid wood beam
The size of the wooden element and anchors is defined by the constructor.
M6 - Floor blocked with wooden I-beam
1. Floor lock and support for the sheathing edge with a 38 x 89 mm impregnated wooden beam. Fixed to the masonry wall with concrete connectors
2. 75 mm nails driven at a slant into the upper flange and the 38 x 89 mm beam
3. Web reinforcement (see the details)
4. Impregnated solid wood beam; the size of the wooden element and anchors is defined by the constructor.
M7
1. Required web reinforcement (see the details)
2. Certified metal tape
3. Impregnated wooden beam; the size of the wooden element and anchors is defined by the constructor.
4. MIT-type metal slings mounted upwards.
M8
1. Required web reinforcement (see the details)
2. Floor lock with impregnated wooden beam
3. Impregnated continuous wooden lock; the size of the wooden element and anchors is defined by the constructor.
4. U/HU- or IUT-type sling mounted from the front
M9
1. Impregnated solid wood beam
2. Anchors driven into the wall
3. Floor connection to the parallel masonry wall
M10
1. Locking beam
2. Web reinforcement
3. Ventilated air space
4. Stem wall
Assembly of floor beams to steel and wooden girders
F2
1. Element made from solid wood with a thickness adjusted to the length of the sling nail, fixed to the steel structure using a dedicated connector (see affiliated companies)
2. Web reinforcement (see the details)
3. MIT-type metal slings mounted from the top
4. Steel structure
F3
1. Web reinforcement (see the details)
2. Metal beam sling mounted from the top
3. Girder from solid or glued laminated wood
Web reinforcement
Web reinforcement is required only in cases listed below:
- When sling sides do not stiffen the upper flange of each beam laterally.
- If the acceptable force exerted on the end or intermediate support is increased, web reinforcements at the supports must have a 5 mm slot next to the upper beam flange, but must be tightly and completely supported on the lower beam flange.
Reinforcement can be made from SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board or solid wood (38-40 mm thick); the reinforcement should be 89 mm or 140 mm wide.
BS-D beam mounting in metal slings
NOTE!
Fix the fillings in such a way as to make alternate joints. To achieve the required filling thickness, SWISS KRONO OSB/3 boards can be placed together.
Filling should be fastened to the upper beam flange for slings mounted from the top and to the lower beam flange for slings mounted from the front.
Slings
SIMPSON metal sling www.simpsonstrongtie.pl
SIMPSON slings with mounting sleeve assembled from the top
Beam width | Beam height | Fitting type | Nails[mm] Main beam | Nails [mm] Side beam |
|---|---|---|---|---|
89 | 241 | MIT49,5 | 3,7 x 50 | 3,8 x 38 |
89 | 302 | MIT411,88 | 3,7 x 50 | 3,8 x 38 |
89 | 356 | MIT414 | 3,7 x 50 | 3,8 x 38 |
89 | 406 | MIT416 | 3,7 x 50 | 3,8 x 38 |
SIMPSON slings with mounting sleeve assembled from the front
Beam width | Beam height | Fitting type | Nails[mm] Main beam | Nails [mm] Side beam |
|---|---|---|---|---|
89 | 241 | HU410 | 4,0 x 60 | 3,7 x 50 |
89 | 302 | HU410 | 4,0 x 60 | 3,7 x 50 |
89 | 356 | HU416 | 4,0 x 60 | 3,7 x 50 |
89 | 406 | HU416 | 4,0 x 60 | 3,7 x 50 |
LSU fitting from SIMPSON
The connector can be bent and adjusted to the required roof slope (up to 45º) on the site.
Beam width | Beam height | Fitting type | Nails[mm] Main beam | Nails [mm] Side beam |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BK-D 58mm | 241-406* | LSSUI35 | 3,7 x 50 | 3,8 x 38 |
3,7 x 50 | 3,8 x 38 |
**extra reinforcement against beam overturning must be used for the girder height of 406 mm.
VPA fitting from SIMPSON with LSSU and LSTA connectors
VPA connectors can be used in combination with LSSU and LSTA elements for roof inclination ranging from 14º to 45º.
Beam width | Beam height | Fitting type | Nails[mm] Main beam | Nails [mm] Side beam |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BK-D 58mm | 241-406* | VPA35 z LSSUI35 | 3,7 x 50 | 3,8 x 38 |
3,7 x 50 | 3,8 x 38 |
*extra reinforcement against beam overturning must be used for the girder height of 406 mm.
Connecting nodes in the roof
D1 - beam connection in the roof ridge, self-adjusting to roof inclination
1. Slanted beam reinforcement on both sides
2. Roof ridge – glued laminated wood
3. Perforated steel tape
D3 - rafter beam connection in the roof ridge
1. SWISS KRONO OSB/3 board 318 mm x 60 cm fixed with 12 nails or perforated metal tape on both sides
2. Both sides of the wooden beam cut at a slant as required
3. Glued laminated wood
4. Locking beam or steel cross connector
D7 - Roof opening with the use of slings
1. Support-stiffening elements may be necessary.
2. Sling
3. Beam reinforcement
D11 - overhang parallel to rafter beams
1. If L exceeds the spacing of rafter beams, an additional rafter should be used.
2. A 38 mm x 89 mm overhang beam cut at the upper flange of the rafter beam. Nail to the tie beam and the upper flange of the rafter beam at a slant.
Roof solutions
Holes
1. Except for cutting to the desired length, never cut, bore or notch beam flanges.
2. When making holes, it is recommended to keep a 5 mm distance from the lower and upper flanges.
3. If more than one hole must be made, the distance between hole edges must be greater than the double diameter of the largest circular hole or double dimension of the largest square hole.
4. Any exceptions from these rules require additional data attached to plans.
5. For special holes, not provided for in the instructions, refer to the constructor.
6. Hole positioning:
- the distance from the hole edge to the end of the beam or concentrated force loads – ℓv – should be at least 500 mm or 1.5 H: ℓv >= 1.5 H; ℓv >= 500 mm;
- the distance from the hole edge to the support axis – lA – should be greater than 0.25 L; ℓA > 0.25 L, where L – beam span;
- the distance between hole edges – ℓz should not be smaller than ℓz >= 2 H.
There should be not more than 2 holes and these should be placed in the zone with the weakest transverse forces (shear stress), e.g. in the middle section of the beam. The number of holes in the web can be increased only on the basis of appropriate static calculations.
A series of several small holes must be accommodated within the hole diameter.
WARNING
Never cut, notch or bore beam flanges. Never cut the beam web more than required. Holes in the web should be made with sharp tools. Corners in rectangular or square holes must not be cut too far, as it significantly weaken the structure. Slight corner rounding is recommended. Cut out rectangular or square holes by boring 2 cm diameter holes in each corner, then make notches between them to minimise beam damage.
Roof solutions
1. Roof ridge beam
2. Roof girder
3. Dilatation 15 mm
4. Web reinforcement
5. Connecting bolt
1. Locking beam or OSB board filling
2. Slanting sole plate
3. Edge board
4. Beam fastening according to the design
Ventilation openings for roof structures
